The favorite of new energy vehicles - drum brakes. What is the difference between disc brakes and drum brakes?
Mar 27,2023
We all know that in current family cars, the braking methods used are nothing more than disc brakes (disc brakes) and drum brakes (drum brakes). In the eyes of most people, disc brakes represent High-end, drum brake represents backwardness, but is this really the case in internship? Let’s clarify them one by one.
1. Disc brake (disc brake)
1.Components
Usually the main components of disc brakes are: brake master cylinder, wheel cylinder, brake disc, brake caliper, brake pad, oil pipe, etc.
2. Braking principle
The braking principle of disc brake is very simple and well explained. When the vehicle needs to decelerate, the brake caliper will clamp the brake disc, and the vehicle will decelerate through the friction between the brake pad and the brake disc, just like you It's the same as holding a piece of paper with two fingers. The brake calipers are pushed by brake pistons, which are powered by hydraulic pressure. During the braking process, the original mechanical energy of the vehicle is converted into thermal energy and then lost in the air.
3. Advantages
Because the brake disc of the disc brake is exposed to the air, the brake disc is directly air-cooled during driving, which can cool down relatively quickly and prevent the brakes from quickly experiencing thermal decay. Moreover, the force with which the piston advances the brake caliper to clamp the brake disc is linearly related to the driver's force on the brakes, so the driver can control the braking force more easily.
4. Defects
As long as the car uses disc brakes, it needs to be equipped with a power assist system for the brakes, because the driver's foot alone cannot achieve the required braking force. Most vehicle power assist systems rely on vacuum brake booster pumps. The vacuum force generally comes from the negative pressure generated in the engine's intake manifold. This also explains why there is only one opportunity to "brake" after parking and turning off the engine, because there is no power assist when the second brake is applied, and the brake pedal is as hard as a stone.
2. Drum brake (drum brake)
1. Make up some
A typical drum brake mainly consists of base plate, brake drum, brake shoe, wheel cylinder (brake wheel cylinder), return spring, positioning pin and other components.
2. Braking principle
The brake drum is installed on the wheel hub and is a component that rotates with the wheel. It is made of a certain amount of cast iron and is shaped like a drum. When braking, the wheel cylinder piston pushes against the brake drum (inside), and the brake drum is decelerated by friction, forcing the wheel to stop rolling.
Of course, the processing and composition of drum brake parts are relatively simple, which can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost. This is why we believe that drum brakes are the factors of simple assembly and poor knowledge.
3. Disadvantages
Because it is a nearly closed brake drum, the heat dissipation ability of drum brakes is much worse than that of disc brakes. The diameter of the brake drum will increase after being heated, which will cause the stroke of the brake pedal to be increased, and it is easy to cause brake failure. Thermal decay phenomenon.
Because drum brakes have another advantage over disc brakes that does not seem to be an advantage - the return spring. Due to the existence of the drum brake return spring, when the brake is not needed (release the brake), the brake shoe and the brake The drum can be separated in an instant, without wasting any rated power, while the disc brake pads and brake discs are not separated so quickly. This waste of energy is very small, but for a pure electric vehicle with a small capacity battery, it means To be able to run further.
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